Arendusjärgus ravimid
Ravivõimalused gluteenivaba dieedi kõrval
Mitmed lähenemisviisid on jõudnud randomiseeritud uuringutesse. Ükski neist ei ole dieeti asendanud, ja valdkonnal on pikk ajalugu paljutõotavatest tulemustest, mis ei ole kinnitust leidnud.
Miks on ravimit raske välja töötada
Tsöliaakial on autoimmuunhaiguste seas ebatavaline omadus: käivitaja on teada ja eemaldatav. See tõstab lati väga kõrgele — igasugune ravim peab olema ohutum ja mugavam kui lihtsalt gluteeni mittesöömine, populatsioonis, kes ravi korral ei ole ägedalt haige. See tähendab ka, et realistlik eesmärk ei ole "söö taas leiba", vaid "olla kaitstud, kui restoran teeb vea".
Transglutaminaas 2 inhibeerimine
Koe transglutaminaas muudab gluteeni peptiide viisil, mis teeb need palju immunogeensemaks — see on haiguse mehhanismi keskmes olev ensüüm ja diagnoosimiseks kasutatava antikeha sihtmärk. Selle blokeerimine on seetõttu mehhanistlikult elegantne lahendus. TG2 inhibiitori randomiseeritud uuring näitas gluteeniga provokatsiooni ajal tekkiva limaskesta kahjustuse leevenemist [5], mis on valdkonna kõige lootustandvam üksik tulemus.
TG2 inhibeerimine
Ensümaatiline lagundamine
Glutenaaside eesmärk on lagundada gluteen maos enne, kui see jõuab peensoolde. Tehniline probleem on raskusaste: normaalse nisutoidukorra vastu kaitsmiseks peab ensüüm lagundama grammides mõõdetava valgukoguse vaenulikus happelises keskkonnas lühikese aja jooksul. Mitmed kandidaadid on näidanud toimet väikeste koguste puhul, kuid ei ole tõestanud kaitset realistliku kokkupuute korral. Selle lähenemisviisi näiteks on tööd in vivo gluteeni lagundava toimega probiootiliste preparaatidega.
Probiootikumid
Tsöliaakia korral probiootikumide kasutamise randomiseeritud kontrollitud uuringute süstemaatiline ülevaade ja metaanalüüs on olemas ning see ei toeta nende rutiinset kasutamist. Mikrobioomi erinevused tsöliaakia korral on tõelised ja korratavad, kuid nende muutmine ei ole toonud kliinilist kasu.
Teised suunad
- Immuuntolerantsi esilekutsumine. Peptiidipõhised lähenemisviisid, mille eesmärk on immuunvastust ümber õpetada, kontseptuaalselt sarnased allergeeni immunoteraapiaga.
- Tihedate kontaktide modulatsioon. Soole läbilaskvuse vähendamine, et vähem gluteenipeptiide läbi pääseks. Uuringute tulemused on olnud vastuolulised.
- Tsütokiinide blokaad. Suunatud pigem ravile allumatu haiguse kui tavalise tsöliaakia vastu [7].
- Vaktsineerimine. Kaua räägitud, korduvalt edasi lükatud ja kaugel kättesaadavusest.
Mida oodata
Tõenäoline järgmine samm on abivahend, mis vähendab juhusliku kokkupuute tagajärgi inimestele, kes juba peavad dieedist ranget kinni. See oleks tõeliselt väärtuslik — juhuslik kokkupuude on levinud, nagu näitab saastumise uuring — kuid ei tähenda seda vabadust, mida meedia sageli lubab.
Korduma kippuvad küsimused
Kas tuleb tablett, mis lubab mul leiba süüa?
Kas peaksin võtma gluteeni lagundavat ensüümi?
Kas probiootikume on mõtet proovida?
Kuidas saaksin uuringus osaleda?
References
Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.
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