# Celiac Wire

> Coeliac disease news, guidelines and research — plus the practical business of eating.

Celiac Wire follows coeliac disease research, regulatory changes to gluten-free labelling across Europe, and the day-to-day question that dominates the diagnosis: is this specific food safe?

## About this source

- **Publisher:** Stéphane Sprauer
- **Editorial stance:** Independent. We describe what the evidence shows, including when it is weak or contested.
- **Evidence base:** 64 peer-reviewed citations, each linked to its PubMed record or DOI.
- **Languages:** 42 European languages. Add a language prefix to any URL, e.g. `https://celiacwire.org/de/`.
- **Licence:** Content may be quoted with attribution to Celiac Wire (https://celiacwire.org).
- **Not medical advice:** Educational content only.

## How to cite this site

> Celiac Wire. "<page title>". https://celiacwire.org<path>. Accessed <date>.

## Home

- [Celiac Wire](https://celiacwire.org/): Coeliac disease research, European labelling rules and the daily question that dominates the diagnosis: is this specific food safe?

## Is it gluten free?

- [Is it gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/): Reasoned gluten verdicts for 35 common foods, ingredients and non-food items, with the label check for each.
- [Is oats gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/oats/): It depends. Oats do not contain gluten, but ordinary oats are contaminated with wheat so consistently that only oats labelled gluten-free are safe.
- [Is wheat gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/wheat/): No. Wheat is one of the three gluten grains. It is the single most common source of gluten in the European diet.
- [Is barley gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/barley/): No. Barley contains hordein, a gluten protein. It hides in malt, malt extract, malt vinegar and most beer.
- [Is rye gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/rye/): No. Rye contains secalin and must be avoided. Rye bread, crispbread and many Northern European staples are excluded.
- [Is rice gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/rice/): Yes. All rice is naturally gluten free — white, brown, wild, basmati, arborio and glutinous rice alike.
- [Is quinoa gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/quinoa/): Usually, with caveats. Quinoa is a naturally gluten-free seed, but shared processing lines mean contamination is not rare.
- [Is buckwheat gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/buckwheat/): Usually, with caveats. Buckwheat is not wheat and contains no gluten — but buckwheat flour products very often blend in wheat flour.
- [Is corn and cornmeal gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/corn/): Usually, with caveats. Corn is gluten free. "Corn gluten" exists as a term but is not the gluten that matters.
- [Is beer gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/beer/): No. Standard beer is brewed from barley and is not safe. Gluten-removed beer is a separate and contested category.
- [Is wine gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/wine/): Yes. Wine is made from grapes and is gluten free.
- [Is whisky and whiskey gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/whisky/): Usually, with caveats. Distillation removes gluten proteins, so even barley-based whisky is generally considered safe.
- [Is vodka gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/vodka/): Usually, with caveats. Distilled vodka is gluten free even when made from wheat or rye.
- [Is milk gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/milk/): Yes. Plain milk is gluten free.
- [Is cheese gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/cheese/): Usually, with caveats. Most cheese is gluten free. Blue cheese, processed cheese and anything with additions need checking.
- [Is eggs gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/eggs/): Yes. Plain eggs are gluten free.
- [Is sausages gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/sausages/): It depends. Sausages very commonly contain wheat rusk as a binder. This varies enormously by country.
- [Is bacon gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/bacon/): Usually, with caveats. Plain cured bacon is gluten free, but flavoured and glazed varieties are not reliably so.
- [Is soy sauce gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/soy-sauce/): It depends. Traditional soy sauce is brewed with wheat and is not gluten free. Tamari usually is.
- [Is vinegar gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/vinegar/): Usually, with caveats. Distilled, wine, cider and balsamic vinegars are gluten free. Malt vinegar is the exception.
- [Is mustard gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/mustard/): Usually, with caveats. Most mustard is gluten free, but some cheaper varieties use wheat flour as a bulking agent.
- [Is ketchup gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/ketchup/): Usually, with caveats. Mainstream ketchup is gluten free in Europe.
- [Is stock cubes and bouillon gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/stock-cubes/): It depends. Stock cubes frequently contain wheat flour or barley-derived yeast extract.
- [Is chips and fries gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/chips/): It depends. Potatoes are gluten free. Chips cooked in a shared fryer are not.
- [Is crisps and potato chips gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/crisps/): Usually, with caveats. Plain salted crisps are usually gluten free. Flavoured ones frequently are not.
- [Is sushi gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/sushi/): It depends. Rice and fish are safe. Soy sauce, imitation crab and tempura are not.
- [Is chocolate gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/chocolate/): Usually, with caveats. Plain dark and milk chocolate are usually gluten free. Filled and crunchy varieties often are not.
- [Is ice cream gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/ice-cream/): It depends. Plain ice cream is often gluten free, but cones, mix-ins and shared scoops are risks.
- [Is potatoes gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/potatoes/): Yes. Potatoes are naturally gluten free in every form that has not had something added to it.
- [Is lentils and pulses gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/lentils/): Usually, with caveats. All pulses are naturally gluten free, but dried pulses are frequently contaminated in bulk handling.
- [Is fresh fruit gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/fruit/): Yes. All fresh fruit is gluten free.
- [Is nuts gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/nuts/): Usually, with caveats. Plain nuts are gluten free. Roasted and seasoned nuts often are not.
- [Is medicines and supplements gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/medication/): It depends. Tablet excipients can be wheat-derived, though gluten in medication is rare in Europe.
- [Is communion wafers gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/communion-wafers/): No. Standard communion wafers are wheat and are not safe.
- [Is play dough gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/play-dough/): No. Traditional play dough is made from wheat flour and matters for young children who put hands in mouths.
- [Is lipstick and lip balm gluten free?](https://celiacwire.org/is-it-gluten-free/lipstick/): Usually, with caveats. Most cosmetics are irrelevant, but anything applied to the lips can be ingested.

## Diagnosis

- [Getting diagnosed with coeliac disease](https://celiacwire.org/diagnosis/): Serology, biopsy and the 2025 European guidelines — plus why going gluten free before testing wrecks the result.
- [Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity](https://celiacwire.org/non-celiac-gluten-sensitivity/): A real symptom pattern with a contested cause — and the FODMAP evidence suggesting gluten is often not the trigger.

## Living with it

- [How much gluten is too much?](https://celiacwire.org/how-much-gluten-is-too-much/): The 10 mg per day threshold, the 20 ppm labelling rule, and what the dose-response research actually established.
- [Cross-contamination, measured rather than assumed](https://celiacwire.org/cross-contamination/): What testing finds in restaurant meals, bulk ingredients and products labelled gluten free — and which precautions are worth the effort.
- [What untreated coeliac disease does](https://celiacwire.org/complications/): Bone density, anaemia, fertility, refractory disease and the lymphoma risk — the complications that make diagnosis worth pursuing.
- [Treatments beyond the gluten-free diet](https://celiacwire.org/new-treatments/): Transglutaminase 2 inhibitors, glutenases and probiotics — an honest status report on the coeliac drug pipeline.
- [Living with coeliac disease](https://celiacwire.org/living/): Thresholds, contamination, complications and follow-up — the practical side of the diagnosis.

## About

- [About Celiac Wire](https://celiacwire.org/about/): Who publishes Celiac Wire, how pages are researched, and how the site makes money.
- [Editorial policy](https://celiacwire.org/editorial-policy/): How Celiac Wire selects evidence, scores products and handles conflicts of interest.
- [Affiliate and partnership disclosure](https://celiacwire.org/disclosure/): Every commercial relationship that could affect what you read on Celiac Wire.
- [Privacy](https://celiacwire.org/privacy/): What Celiac Wire collects — which is close to nothing.

## Research

- [New research](https://celiacwire.org/research/): Newly indexed peer-reviewed research relevant to Celiac Wire, updated weekly from PubMed and Crossref.
- [Research digest, 8 August 2026](https://celiacwire.org/research/2026-08-08/): No newly indexed research matched this site's topics in the week of 8 August 2026.

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